Significantly more snakebite envenomings in Gabon than previously known

Snakebite envenoming is one of the 21 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) listed by the World Health Organization. According to WHO estimates, more than 100,000 people worldwide die each year from these diseases, and over 400,000 suffer permanent damage. However, reliable epidemiological data have been lacking in Gabon, where numerous highly venomous snake species occur.

For the study, the researchers conducted a comprehensive household survey in the Ogooué et des Lacs department. It covered urban, rural, and hard-to-reach areas. The team also analyzed patient data from 28 health facilities, recording the frequency, circumstances, and consequences of snakebites. The study also included information on how victims treated themselves and how and where they sought help. The team also determined the availability of antivenom and how treatment facilities handled it.

The results show that approximately 246 out of 100,000 people in the Ogooué et des Lacs department suffer a snakebite each year; almost one in five bites results in moderate to severe envenoming. About three percent of those affected die as a result. About 55 percent of those bitten initially sought medical attention at a hospital or clinic, and 22 percent first consulted traditional healers. While a large proportion of patients in health centers received antivenom, this was often independent of the actual severity of the envenoming. At the same time, professional treatment, such as the correct antivenom dosage or the avoidance of unnecessary additional medications, was often lacking. The study also highlights high treatment costs, which place a heavy burden on those affected and make it difficult to access formal health services. Furthermore, the study showed that snakebites have a significant impact on livestock: one in six households reported the death of livestock, which represents a further economic burden.

The researchers therefore call for comprehensive measures: training of medical personnel, development of national treatment guidelines, improved access to affordable and effective antivenin, and collaborations with traditional healers. The results of the study have already contributed to the inclusion of snakebite envenomation for the first time in Gabon's National Health Development Plan (2024–2028).

Original publication

Artus, Rica et al.: The epidemiology of snakebites, treatment-seeking behaviour, and snakebite management in the department of Ogooué et des Lacs, Gabon, Central Africa: a cross-sectional community and health facility-based survey. Journal of Global Health 2025;15:04062.